s have faced since gaining independence?

The major problem independent African states have faced since gaining independence is political instability and lack of effective governance. Many countries were left with weak institutions and low levels of human development due to decades of colonial rule. This was compounded by the rush to achieve political independence, which led to the emergence of weak and often corrupt leaders. As a result, many countries have struggled with poverty, conflict, and weak economic growth. Additionally, the legacy of colonialism created artificial borders, which led to ethnic and linguistic divisions, creating further instability. Overall, the inability to build strong and effective institutions has been the major challenge for independent African states.