The Duma was the name of the lower house of the Russian parliament during the Russian Empire and early Soviet period. It was established in 1905 as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1905 and had limited powers, including legislative authority and the ability to approve or reject the budget. The Duma was dissolved several times by various Russian leaders, including Nicholas II, until it was abolished by the Bolsheviks in 1917 following the October Revolution. The term "Duma" comes from the Russian verb "dumat," which means "to think or reflect."